Nuclear Power for Australia

The Dutton Coalition’s push to introduce nuclear power

The conservative Howard government made nuclear power illegal in Australia in the late 1990s (EPBC and ARPANS Acts) and those prohibitions remain as of mid-2024. However the federal Dutton Coalition opposition says that if elected, it will repeal legal bans and use taxpayers’ money to build seven nuclear power plants in five states (with multiple reactors at some or all of the seven sites). The federal Albanese Labor government supports the legal bans and has no plans to introduce nuclear power, promoting renewable energy sources instead.

No power reactors have ever been built in Australia. The strongest push was for a power reactor at Jervis Bay in the late 1960s to early 1970s. That push was underpinned by a hidden weapons agenda as then Prime Minister John Gorton later acknowledged.

Key information on the Dutton Coalition’s nuclear power plan:

Other articles and reports about Australia’s nuclear power debate

Some reasons to say ‘no’ to nuclear power in Australia

UNNECESSARY

We don’t need nuclear power. As of mid-2024, renewables supply nearly 40% of Australia’s electricity (over 70% in SA) and the federal government’s target is 82% by 2030.

The Australian Energy Market Operator’s integrated system plan, a roadmap for the optimal future grid, backs an accelerated build of renewables to reach 83% of renewable generation by 2030, 96% by 2040 and 98% by 2050 as the best, most likely option.

More information: https://nuclear.foe.org.au/links-to-literature-on-clean-energy-options/

NUCLEAR WEAPONS

Nuclear power is the one and only energy source with a direct and repeatedly-demonstrated connection to the proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction. For example, the first and only serious push for nuclear power in Australia was driven by a weapons agenda as then PM John Gorton later acknowledged.

More information: www.nuclear.foe.org.au/power-weapons

ACCIDENTS AND ATTACKS

In addition to the risk of accidents, nuclear power reactors are vulnerable to disasters from sabotage, terrorism, or the use of conventional forces to attack nuclear facilities during war.

More information: www.nuclear.foe.org.au/power

ROUTINE EMISSIONS − RADIATION & CANCER

The United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation notes that international cancer incidence and mortality data demonstrate statistically-significant links between radiation and all solid tumours as a group, as well as for cancers of the stomach, colon, liver, lung, breast, ovary, bladder, thyroid, and for non-melanoma skin cancers and most types of leukaemia.

More information: https://nuclear.foe.org.au/radiation/

NUCLEAR WASTE

The 2006 government-commissioned Switkowski report envisaged the construction of 25 power reactors, which would produce up to 45,000 tonnes of high-level nuclear waste. There is not a single permanent repository for spent fuel or high-level nuclear waste anywhere in the world.

More information:

https://nuclear.foe.org.au/nuclear-waste-international-issues/

https://nuclear.foe.org.au/waste-import/

DEMOCRACTIC RIGHTS

Democratic rights have often been trampled in the pursuit of nuclear projects. The Howard government sought legal advice on its powers to override state laws banning nuclear power plants. The current (2012) Labor government is working to impose a nuclear waste dump at Muckaty in the NT despite the opposition of many Traditional Owners, an unresolved Federal Court challenge, and NT legislation banning the imposition of nuclear dumps. The government also plans to give itself the power to override any and all state/territorry laws, and affected local councils and communities have no say.

COST

Too cheap to meter, or too expensive to matter? The nuclear power industry survives only because of huge taxpayer subsidies.

More information: EnergyScience Briefing Paper #1: http://www.energyscience.org.au/factsheets.html

REDUCED PROPERTY PRICES. COMPULSORY LAND ACQUISITION. NO INSURANCE.

A nuclear power plant would reduce local property values. The government may use compulsory land acquisition powers to seize land for reactors – just as it has previously seized land for a nuclear waste dump. Insurance companies do not insure against the risk of nuclear accidents.

WATER

Nuclear power is the most water-intensive of all the energy sources. Reactors typically consume 35-65 million litres of water per day.

More information: https://nuclear.foe.org.au/water-consumption-and-pollution-uranium-and-nuclear-power/

TOO SLOW

It would take 15 years or more to develop nuclear power in Australia. Clean energy solutions can be deployed immediately.

GREENHOUSE GASES

Nuclear power emits three times more greenhouse gases than wind power according to the 2006 Switkowski report. Nuclear power is also far more greenhouse intensive than energy efficiency measures.

More information: https://www.wiseinternational.org/nuclear-monitor/806/nuclear-power-no-solution-climate-change


Where would reactors be located in Australia?

See this Don’t Nuke the Climate webpage for information on the seven sites targeted by the Dutton Coalition.

Here’s some older information about nuclear power siting options:

Andrew Macintosh (The Australia Institute), 2007, “Siting Nuclear Power Plants in Australia Where would they go?“, Web Paper No. 40. 

Do you live near one of the areas most likely to be targeted for nuclear power reactors? Using four primary criteria and six secondary criteria, a report by The Australia Institute identified the following sites as potential sites for nuclear power:

Queensland:
Townsville
Mackay
Rockhampton (e.g. around Yeppoon, Emu Park or Keppel Sands)
Bundaberg
Gladstone
Sunshine Coast (e.g. near Maroochydore, Coolum or Noosa)
Bribie Island area

New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory:
Port Stephens (e.g. Nelson Bay)
Central Coast (e.g. near Tuggerah Lakes)
Port Kembla
Botany Bay
Jervis Bay and Sussex Inlet

Victoria:
South Gippsland (e.g. Yarram, Woodside, Seaspray)
Western Port (e.g. French Island, Hastings, Kooweerup, Coronet Bay)
Port Phillip (e.g. Newport, Werribee, Avalon)
Portland

South Australia:
Mt Gambier/Millicent
Port Adelaide
Port Augusta and Port Pirie

Western Australia and the Northern Territory were excluded from the Australia Institute siting study because they are not on the National Electricity Market grid. The report does not consider Tasmania in any detail and considers it unlikely that a nuclear power plant would be constructed in Tasmania in the short to medium term.

Siting criteria

The study used four primary criteria for the siting of nuclear power plants in Australia:

1. Proximity to appropriate existing electricity infrastructure; sites close to the National Electricity Market, preferably near existing large generators;

2. Proximity to major centres of electricity demand;

3. Proximity to transport infrastructure to facilitate the movement of nuclear fuel, waste and other relevant materials; and

4. Access to large quantities of water for reactor cooling − coastal sites

Secondary criteria included the following:

1. Population density − sites with adequate buffers to populated areas.

2. Geological and seismological issues.

3. Atmospheric conditions − sites with low risk of extreme weather events and suitable pollution dispersion conditions.

4. Security risk − sites with low security risks (e.g. sufficient buffers to potentially hazardous areas).

5. Sensitive ecological areas − sites that pose minimal risk to important ecological areas.

6. Heritage and aesthetics − sites that pose minimal risk to important heritage areas.

7. Economic factors – sites that accommodate local economic and social factors.